2022-02-14来源：海文考研
同学们在做阅读题的时候，经常会掉入出题人设置的干扰项的“陷阱”里，其实干扰项，即错误选项的设置也是有规律可循的。老师给大家总结了几类干扰项的特征，并附上真题示例，以供大家参考。
1. 望文生义
拘泥于字面含义，没有体会作者所要表达的真实意思。
（2008Text4）For one thing, the South could not afford to part with its slaves. Owing slaves was “like having a large bank account,” says Wiencek…
Q4: Which of the following is true according to the text?
[C] Slaves owners usually had large savings account.
分析：Wiencek在形容奴隶具有的经济价值时，打了个比方，拥有奴隶就如同拥有巨额存款。[C]“奴隶主常常拥有大笔存款”没有表达出该比喻的真正含义。
2.偷换概念
即偷换原文中的词语，使叙述内容发生改变，以达到浑水摸鱼干扰考生的目的。
[2011 Text 2]Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers.
Q4: It can be inferred from the last paragraph that .
[B] loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated
分析:[B]选项将文中提到的“顶*经理人下台带来的不光彩”偷换成“顶*经理人的忠诚”，过时的是“跳槽不光彩的看法”，而非“高管们的忠诚”。
3.逻辑关系顺倒，包括：因果顺倒，主被动关系顺倒，手段与目的顺倒等。
[2006 Text 1] People are absorbed into "a culture of consumption" launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere.
Q2: According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century .
[D] owed its emergence to the culture of consumption
分析：从句中 launched一词可以得知，百货公司的兴起是消费文化普及的起因。因此[D]选项因果颠倒。
4. 张冠李戴
把与甲有关的内容说成是与乙有关，或者把甲的特点说成是乙的特点。
[2011Text1] For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must complete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20"century.
Q3: The author believes that the devoted concertgoers .
[C] exaggerate the variety of live performances
分析：[C]选项根据文中第二句罗列的多种艺术消费形式设置干扰词 variety of，将音乐迷夸大的是现场演奏的“价值”改为“种类”。
5.反向干扰
即将原文中的含义反过来说。
[2013 Text 1]Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year--about 64 items per person -- and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.
Q2: According to Cline, mass market labels urge consumers to .
[A]combat unnecessary waste
分析：[A]选项将句中 leads to waste改为 combat unnecessary waste，从而和文义完全相反。
6.生硬捏造
即利用原文中个别词汇捏造信息,无法在文中找到确切依据。
[2014Text4]In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by "federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others” to "maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education.”
Q2: Influential figures in the Congress required that the AAAS report on how to .
[A] define the government's role in education
[B] safeguard individuals' rights to education
[C] retain people's interest in liberal education
分析:[A]、[B]利用句中个别词汇如 government, education, individual等设置陷阱，该句指出“国会重要人物要求AAAS'界定出各级政府等可以采取的行动’”，而并没有要求“界定政府在教育中的作用”或是“保护个人受教育的权利”。[C]选项更有甚者，文中丝毫未曾提及“保持人们对人文教育的兴趣”的相关内容，如果说前两个选项还有捕风捉影之嫌，则此项全然凭空捏造。
7. 断章取义
即脱离上下文，孤立地理解句子的含义。
[2013Text1]These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable--meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that--and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks.
Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year--about 64 items per person.
Q5: What is the subject of the text?
[A]Satire on an extravagant lifestyle
分析：[A]选项对文章个别表达 see clothes as disposable.. renew their wardrobes every few
weeks.buy20 billion garments a year-- about64 Items per person., vanity is a constant断章取义,考生若兀自将其串成一副“奢侈生活”的图像则很容易误选此项，但实际上该看法脱离了文章主线：“快时尚”并不等于“奢侈的生活方式”。
(内容来源于网络，由海文考研收集整理，侵权必删！)
